Kiln.



7 minted on. :0, I899, w. DAVIS-DOUGLAS.

.KILN.

'(Applicufion am In. 18,. 1899.)

(No mum.)

All

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UNITED STATES TPATENT- OFFICE.

WI LIAM DAVIS-DOUGLAS, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 634,721, dated October l0, 1899. Application filed March 18, 1899. Serial No. 709,556. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM DAVIS-DOUG- LAS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Kiln, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in kilns used in various arts and manufactures; audit consists in the peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of its parts, and comprises a plurality of interchangeable horizontal sections forming combined a series of intercornmunicable vertical and horizontal caliducts, between which are sandwiched one or several firing-chambers.

The objects of my improvement are, first, to efiect the economy of metal, which my method of construction affords, whereby it becomes practicable to form all its severalparts of rolled orsheet metaland so'combine in gs, in which Figure l viewed from the front end is a vertical transverse section through the middle of the entire structure, comprising four sections shown separated from each other; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section through the middle of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a longitudinal section through line m m, Fig. 1, showing the main section combined with the flooring and interchangeable roofing-sections I minus the .iso

dislodged auxiliary section II, the removed damper D, and parts broken off girders F and G; Fig. 4, a top view of the main section, its superposed deflecting-plate and dampers and the casings top front flange 1' being removed;

Fig. 5, a top view of theflooring-section, the

struction of the frame-girder, and Fig- 8 a view in perspective of the main firing-chamber combined with the girders enumerated and a blast-pipe.

Similar letters and numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The entrance of the main firing-chamber is situated at the front and the blast-pipe B at the rear of the structure.

Section I comprises, essentially, a. firingbox, chamber,- thegirders F G, which engird and suspendit, and: themain outer and inner walls a and b of a hollow casing.

The main hollow casing-walls referred to are connected at their lower edges by inter serted doWnwardly-projecting hollow wedges w, eachbeing formed of a strip of blank metal bent longitudinally, so that a cross-section resembles a letter V, having a vertical wall added to the top of each slanting side of the letter. A vertical wall of each of said elongated wedges is secured toan exterior casing-wall, the opposing wedgenvall being slit at intervals, so that tongues 16 may be bent therefrom and made to project through adapted openings t in the adjacent interior casingwall I). Located above the wedges and secured to facing sides of the said casing-walls are reciprocating obtuse-angled braces q q, the former of which hook onto the latter. A cradle 0, adapted to support a fine-armR, is formed by cutting and bending toward each other similar central top edge parts of a wall a and b, as in Figs. 1 and 4. The outwardlybent top and. bottom edges of the exterior casing.- walls form horizontal flanges r, to which maybe secured similar flanges of the adjoining sections, the casing-walls of the several sections being in the same respective vertical planes.

v The continuous girder G (separatelyshown in Fig. 6) and the frame-girder F in Fig. 7, which'frame andengird the main firing-chainber, aresecured to facing interior casing- Wallsb by vertical outer flanges fand 9, re-

spectively. v

Fig. 6 illustrates the method of forming the continuous girder and represents a strip of blank metal which is first bent on lines XX tothe form of a l -girder, the central wall G and a flange g, of which are slit on lines 8 s s in alinement with dotted lines d d d on the unsovered or continuous flange g, which is then bent at said lines and folded around the firing-chamber, as in Fig. 8, carrying at each bending a severed section of the central wall and its accompanying severed flange. A section of the said girder includedby lines j j represents the auxiliary brace-girder G, (seen in Figs. 3 and 4 secured to the chamber side 1.

Fig. '7 shows the construction of the framegirder and represents a blank metal frame F, the edges of which are bent in either direction on lines d, forming a plurality of the inner flangesf and outer flanges f, the respective inner and outer corners s and 0 being previously slit or partly cut away.

A special feature of diflerence in the application of the main girders is demonstrated in Fig. 8, in which the continuous vertical wall of the frame-girder is shown bent at and is similarly bent at its unseen counterpart beneath the chamber, thehorizontal flanges being slit, however, in order to facilitate the operation.

The main firing-chamber consists of a rectangular box having exterior front flanges 9 1O 11 formed by backwardly-bent parts of its walls and roof and which are secured to the exterior front casing-wall, an interiorly-depended gutter 6, located near the top of its rear wall 5, and vertical braces H H, which are secured to the said rear wall by flanges '7 and 8 and to the rear interior main casing-wall by flanges h h, respectively. The firing-chamber entrance is bridged by the front main casing-walls, which by flanges o are secured to its sides and roof. When the dimensions of the firing-chamber make itirnpracticable to form all of the several enumerated parts of the box from a single sheet of metal, as shown in the drawings, they may be separately formed and secured together in the same relative positions.

The ventiduct or blast-pipe B rests on the adapted top edges of the braces H H in the interiorly-depended gutter 6 and in openings adapted to it in the rear main casing-walls, the wall of the frame-girder, and a side 1 of the firing-chamber.

The deflecting-plate P, which rests on the main girders F G and touches three of the main interior casing-walls, has an opening 0 therein located near one of its flanged edges and the adjacent cradle G, and an inverted- T girder Z, secured thereon. Over said opening is a damper D, having a shaft d, which rests on the deflecting-plate and transpiercing the front casing-walls is operated exteriorly. The obtuse-angled damper D, having slits or channels cut out of each half, has a single shaft d, which rests on the tops of the aforesaid girders, transpierces the front casing-walls, and is also operated exteriorly. A curled-up end of the top flange of the girder 1 engages part of said shaft d.

Section II mainly consists of a horizontal section of outer and inner casing-walls, as a and Z1 transverse girders g 9 which coilnect the side said casing-walls, and a floorless tunnel which is bridged alike by said girders and the end casingwalls pertaining thereto, all being alike contiguous with the tunnelroof and sides 21 22 23 and all of which, together with said tunnel, may be formed in a single casting or be separately formed and secured together in their relative positions. A horizontally-adjustable plate P forms the tunnel-floor and has two narrow vertical ribs 2' i at each side edge, to the outer ribs being adapted the vertical extensions of the aforesaid girders. At an end of each of the girders referred to is a vertical slit or groove 0 in which the shaft 61 of a damper D rests and turns, being operated exteriorly.

Section III constitutes the roofing of the structure, and comprises plates P Q which are connected by an interserted channeled girder Z secured to each, and have flanged edges forming short vertical walls a b analogous to the casing-walls of the sections described. In Fig. 3 the said roofing, combined with the main firing-section, demonstrates that the tunnel section may be discarded when unnecessary.

The girder referred to is formed by corrugating a sheet of metal, so as to form grooves or channels, either curved or rectangular, preferably the latter.

The flooring-section IV (separately shown in Fig. 5) is composed of plates Q Q, short interior casing-walls b equally high exterior walls a, having top flanged edges 4, and the detachable combined front walls A and B having a modified l -formed girder Z secured to them. A channel-openingn in each floor-plate extends from the front edge thereof to a central opening therein. The depressed l-formed edges 00 of the top central opening are secured to the margins of the similar opening in the bottom plate, and the edges of each channel-opening are connected similarly as are the front edges 6 of both floorplates shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Via the channel n the depended part of a supply-pipe of any burner N passes during the insertion or withdrawal of the burner, and when the detachable section is in place the said channel is bridged by girder Z, to which flange m of the interior front wall is secured and is partly covered below by the lower flange of the exterior frontwall, which laps under the bottom plate. A flanged channel-formed girder Z secured on the rear part of the top floorplate, supports a part of the divided deflecting-plate P on which the main girders in the inner wall y being secured by flanges y to the front wall Y. Corresponding flanged edges of a central opening in each said wall are bent toward each other and secured tgether,forming a receptacle in which any suitable mica window may be fitted.

The serpentinecourse assumed by the products of combustion arising from any burner N beneath the deflecting-plate P is indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. From between damper D and the free edge of the said plate a heat-current ascends on either side of girders F and G between walls 12 and 3, passes damper D, ascends on either side of girders g 9 between walls 17 and 23, crosses between the tunnel-roof 22 and lid-plate P descends between walls 11 and 21, and escapes via the flue-arm R. From the damper D the other current crosses between deflecting-plate P and the chamber-floor 4, is partly deflected tothe rear edge of each by girder F, ascends on either, side of braces H H and girders F G between, the side and rear chamber-walls 1 and 5 and casing-wallsb facing them, crosses between the chamber-roof 2 and deflectingplate P to thedamper D, where, rounding the free edge of said plate, having been partly deflected thereto by girder F, the'current is drawn across and between said plate and the tunnel-floor P to the flue-arm, providing the damper D is horizontally placed.

Either before or after inserting ware-in the firing chamber or chambers the gas escaping from the burner may be ignited via an uncovered part of the channel-opening or, adjoining said burner.

The hollow wedges inserted between the casing-walls form a flooring or support for the intersertedloose non-combustible material A, (represented by dots in the filled alternate, casing-sections,) and the downwardlyprojecting apex of each said wedge pierces the material in the casing next below it, effectually barring the egress of smoke or fumes thereby. The various flanges, braces, and girders give'such added stiffness and strength to the parts they are formed of orseverally secured to that the metal used in the construction of my kilns is reducible to any degree of thinness consistent with its tensile strength.

The flow of heat around the firing-tunnel of the auxiliary section 11 may be regulated or intercepted by rotating the damper D to a position indicated by dotted linesthereat and by rotating damper D vertically, as in Fig. 1, whereas by turning damper D to its dotted position an accumulation of heat above said tunnel is assured, and when the main section is combined with the flooring and roofing sections, as in Fig. 3, it becomes sufi'icient to place damper D in a horizontal position in order that the caloric may circulate around the main firing-chamber.

By my method of construction the firing capacity of the kiln described may be increased at will by the addition of sections. similar to section II, and the vertical depth of the tunnel in said section may be increased by placing thereunder another similar section casing-walls, with cellular asbestos plates.

The burner forms no part of my present invention. which accords with the gas or fuel obtainable, or to heat miniature kilns I may employ electricity.

In the construction of my kilns I may vary the proportions of the various parts thereof, and when, owing to their dimensions, it becomes necessary the several broad surfaces, including the tunnel-floor P may be provided with a larger plurality of the respective ribs, braces, or girders on either side of each.

A special feature of my invention is the method of ventilating the main firing-chamber illustrated by the ventiduct B, which admits atmospheric air from the exterior of the structure to an exit-point within the firingchamber, where, having become sufficiently heated during its progress thereto, it produces a strong blast through the openings 0 when escaping into the caliducts and generates a corresponding suction, which draws therewith all fumes arising from Ware and the material thereon during a firing, as distin-v guished from the hot-air draft usually employed, which from below drives the fumeladen medium between and onto the ware referred to.

Having now fully described the nature of my said invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s

1. The combination, in a kiln, of a firing- I may employ any suitable burner IIO chamber box having exterior front flanges 9 1O 11, rear braces H H, interior braces c and an interior-1y depended gutter 6, with the frame-girder F, the continuous girder G, the brace G, the blast-pipe B, and the main exterior walls a and interior walls I) of the hollow casing, the front walls of which bridge the entrance of the said firing-chamber'and are secured thereto, by flanges o, substan-' tially as described.

2. The combination, in a kiln, of the frame-1 casing-section comprising the combined main exterior walls a having flanges r, the intercasing-constraining braces q q and hollow wedges to having tongues t, and the main interior walls b,with the main firing-chamber having exterior flanges 9 10 11 and rear braces H H, the girders F, G and G having flanges ff or g g respectively, the ventiduct B, the deflecting-plate P having an opening 0' therein, the dampers D D, and a flue-arm R, adapted to a cradle 0 formed in, between, and by two lateral walls of the said casing, substantially as described.

4;. The combination, in a kiln, of the blastpipe B, with the main firing chamber by means of the interiorly-depended gutter 6 and a wall 1 thereof, the frame-girder F and rear braces H H adapted to the said pipe and connecting the rear ends of the said chamber and hollow casing, and the rear exterior and interior walls a b of the hollow casing, adapted to said pipe, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a kiln, of the flanged deflecting plate P having an inverted -T girder Z secured thereon and an opening 0 therein, with a damper D having a shaft d and being located over said opening, the frame-girder F having a plurality of flanged inner and outer edges f f, the continuous girder G comprising a single engirding-flange g on which is a plurality of disconnected sections of the central wall, each of which has an independent outer flange 9 formed thereon and all together being formed from a single strip of metal, the brace-girder G having flanges g g, and three interior walls I) of the main section of the hollow casing, substantially as described.

6. The combination, in a kiln, of adjacent girders F, G, a top flange f on the girder F, and the obtuse-angled damper D having a shaft (1 and being adapted to said girders, with the main section of the hollow casing constituted by the exterior and interior Walls a and b, a bearing being formed by the curled-up end of said top flange, in which rests and turns the shaft of said damper, substantially as described.

7. The hollow flooring-section comprising the detachable part equivalent to a door, formed by the front walls A and B and a girder Z, all being secured together, combined with the flooring-division, consisting of plates Q Q having respectively short exterior and interior casing-walls a 19 the said plates being separated and connected by the front flanged edge e and similarly-flanged edges of a channel-opening it in each, the depressed edges as of a central opening communicating therewith, in the top plate, being secured to the bottom plate around a similar opening therein, substantially as described.

8. The combination, in a kiln, of the hollow flooring-section formed of the separated plates Q Q}, having respectively a central opening communicating with a channel -opening it therein, short exterior and interior casingwalls a If, and the detachable part formed by the front walls A 13*, secured to a girder Z and to each other, with the damper D, the girder Z and the divided deflecting-plate P each half of whichis adjustable independently of the other, substantially as described.

9. The combination, in a kiln, of the main firing-section comprising the respective exterior and interior casing-walls CL 19, the wedges w and braces q q, the frame and continuous girders F Gr and G, the firing-chamber having exterior front flanges 9 10 11, rear braces H H, interior braces c and an interiorly-depended gutter 6, the blast-pipe B, the deflecting-plate P and dampers D D, with the door consisting of plates 3 Y secured to each other by the outer edges and the flanged edges of a central opening in each, the hollow roofing, consisting of plates P Q secured to a girder Z and having respectively, short flanged walls a 19 connected by Wedges 10 the hollow floor ing, consisting of plates Q Q having respectively short walls a 19 and a channel-opening 72v extending from the front edge thereof to a central opening therein, and the detachable front of said flooring, consisting of the combined front walls A B and a girder Z, substantially as described.

10. The combination, in a kiln, of the supplementary tunnel-section, consisting, of a floorless tunnel, the respective exterior and interior casing-walls a 5 the front and rear walls of which brid e the said tunnel, and the girders g which similarly bridge said tunnel and connect with interior sides of the casing, with the adjustable floor-plate P having ribs 2', the damper D wedges 10 the hollow roofing formed by plates P Q having respectively, flanged edges or walls a 17 and the main firing-section by means of the exterior and interior casing-walls a and 1) thereof, substan tially as described.

\VILLIAH DAVIS-DOUGLAS.

Witnesses:

ALEXANDER W. CRAIK, M. O. DAVIS. 

